What is the principle of optical communication? Composition of Fiber Optic Communication System

Fiber optic communication technology has become one of the important supports for modern communication and plays an important role in contemporary telecommunications networks. At the same time, it is also an important transmission method in contemporary communication networks. Its development history is only 10 or 20 years, and it has gone through three generations: short wavelength multimode fiber, long wavelength multimode fiber, and long wavelength single mode fiber. Optical communication equipment includes optical fiber and FTTXG.657 optical fiber, broadband remote high-speed large space optical fiber transmission G.656 optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber, rare earth doped fiber (including sulfur doped fiber, sulfur doped fiber, doped fiber, etc.), laser energy transmission fiber with special characteristics, and new optical fibers, including plastic fiber, polymer fiber, etc.

The principle of fiber optic communication is: first, the transmitted information (such as voice) is converted into electrical signals, and then distributed to the laser emitted by the laser, so that the intensity of the light varies with the range (frequency) of the electrical signal, and is pushed out through the fiber optic; At the receiving end, the detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, demodulates it, and restores the original information.

What are the basic components of fiber optic communication systems?

(1) Optical transmitter

An optical transmitter is an optical terminal that promotes electrical/optical conversion. It consists of a light source, a controller, and a regulator. Its function is to deploy the electrical signal of the electrical terminal into the light wave emitted by the light source, convert it into a modulated light wave, and then connect the modulated light signal to the optical fiber or cable for transmission. A terminal is a traditional electronic communication device.

(2) Optical transceiver

Optical transceiver is an optical transceiver that promotes optical/electrical conversion. It consists of a photodetector and an optical amplifier. Its function is to convert the optical signal transmitted by optical fibers or cables into electrical signals through a photodetector, and then amplify the weak electrical signal to a sufficient level through an amplification circuit, and send it to the receiving end's electrical terminal.

(3) Optical fiber or cable

Optical fibers or cables form the transmission channel of light. Its function is to connect the variable light signal emitted by the sending end with the receiving end photodetector after long-distance transmission through optical fibers or cables, completing the information transmission task.

(4) Repeater

The repeater consists of a photodetector, a light source, and a ruling regeneration circuit. It has two functions: one is to compensate for the attenuation of optical signals during fiber optic transmission; Another approach is the administrative nature of waveform distortion pulses.

(5) Passive components such as fiber optic connectors and couplers

Due to the limitation of the length of optical fiber or cable by the construction conditions of the fiber optic stretching process, the stretching length of the fiber optic cable is also limited (such as 1km). Therefore, a fiber optic line may have multiple fiber optic connections. Therefore, the connection between optical fibers, the connection between optical fibers and optical terminals, and the application of lotus to passive devices such as optical fiber connectors and couplers are crucial.

Optical access equipment, passive optical network (PON), optical line terminal (OLT), optical network unit (ONU), wavelength division multiplexer, etc. Fiber optic communication technology is one of the products of the development of information technology, which is complementary to the progress of information technology. At present, the application of fiber optic communication technology in China is very popular, and the trend of technological development is also very clear. It will continue to play an important role in social and economic behavior in the future.

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