The Function and Working Principle of Rectifier Diodes

Rectifier diodes are commonly used semiconductor devices that convert AC signals into DC electrical signals. It has a simple structure, reliable performance, and is widely used in power supplies and circuits. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the functions and working principles of rectifier diodes.

1、 Working principle

A rectifier diode is a type of diode composed of P-type and N-type semiconductors. The nodes between P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors are called PN junctions. The characteristic of PN junction is that the current can only be based in one direction, but it will prevent the current from passing in the opposite direction. The working principle of a rectifier diode is to convert alternating current into direct current through a PN junction.

When the rectifier diode inputs a positive half cycle of AC power, the positive voltage of the PN junction becomes very small, and current can pass through. But when negative half cycle AC is input, the reverse voltage of the PN junction will become very large, and the current will be blocked. Therefore, the rectifier diode can only pass through a positive half cycle current, while the negative half cycle current will be blocked, converting alternating current into unidirectional direct current.

It should be noted that the forward voltage drop of rectifier diodes is very small, usually only 0.7V. Therefore, when using rectifier diodes, the impact of their forward voltage drop on the power supply should be considered. In addition, the main reverse voltage and large forward current of the rectifier diode should also be selected according to the actual business needs and appropriate models and parameters.

2、 In electronic devices, many circuits require direct current instead of alternating current, such as electronic power supplies, motor controllers, electronic lighting, etc. AC voltage and current change over time, therefore it is necessary to convert AC power into DC power. At this point, a rectifier diode needs to be used.

The function of a rectifier diode is to convert alternating current into direct current. It can only rely on current in one direction, but it will prevent current from passing in the opposite direction. Therefore, when AC power is input into the rectifier diode, it can only pass through the first half cycle of current, while the negative half cycle of current will be blocked. In this way, alternating current can be converted into unidirectional direct current.

In summary, rectifier diodes are commonly used electronic components that convert alternating current into direct current. It utilizes the characteristics of PN junctions to convert alternating current into unidirectional direct current, thereby achieving normal operation of the power supply. When using rectifier diodes, consideration should be given to their positive voltage drop, large reverse voltage, and maximum positive current, and appropriate models and parameters should be selected based on actual business needs.

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