The difference between transistors and thyristors

Transistors and thyristors are two commonly used semiconductor devices in electronics, with different applications and performance in circuit control. This article provides a detailed introduction to the differences between transistors and thyristors from different perspectives.

1、 Working principle

A transistor is a type of transistor with three pins, namely the base, emitter, and collector. If a positive voltage is added to the base, an electron cloud will form between the base and emitter, affecting the current flow between the emitter and collector, and then controlling the circuit switch. Transistors can be used as switches or amplifiers, typically used in amplifying circuits, resonant circuits, and digital circuits.

Thyristors are also triodes composed of an anode, a negative electrode, and a control electrode. The working principle of a thyristor is to use the voltage of the control electrode to control the current between the anode and cathode, and then control the switch of the circuit. Thyristors are generally used for AC circuit control such as motor control, lighting control, and furnace control.

Secondly, performance characteristics

The main characteristics of transistors are fast response time, low power consumption, low noise, small size, and light weight. Transistors can achieve high-frequency switching control and PWM dimming control, suitable for frequent switching circuits. However, the output current of transistors is greatly affected by temperature and voltage, and appropriate circuit principles and guarantee measures should be taken.

The main characteristics of thyristors are high output current, stable performance, and strong anti-interference. Thyristors can control high voltage and high current, and are suitable for circuits that must operate high-power electrical equipment. However, thyristor has a slow response speed and low switching frequency, making it unsuitable for frequent switching of circuits.

3、 Application field

Transistors are suitable for frequent switching circuits such as audio amplifiers, LED operation, motor control, solenoid valve control, etc. Transistors have fast response speed and can achieve high-frequency switching control and PWM dimming control.

Thyristors are suitable for electrical equipment such as electric heaters, motors, air conditioners, etc. that must operate high voltage and high current. Thyristors have high output current and can control high-power electrical equipment with strong anti-interference ability, making them suitable for extreme working environments.

4、 Structural differences

The structure of transistors is relatively simple and generally consists of PN junctions and operating stages. The control level of a transistor can be the base, gate, or gate. Controlling the voltage of the electrical level can control the current flow of the PN junction and then control the switching of the circuit.

The structure of thyristors is relatively complex, usually consisting of four or more PN junctions and control levels. The control level of a thyristor can be a gate pole, an open pole, or a control pole. Controlling the voltage of the electrical level can control the switching of the PN junction, and then control the switching of the circuit.

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