The working principle and characteristics of crystal oscillators

Crystal oscillator is an electromagnetic oscillator widely used in electronic products such as communication equipment, computers, and instruments. This article will introduce the working principle, characteristics, and applications of crystal oscillators.

Simply put, crystal oscillators utilize the piezoelectric and harmonic characteristics of quartz crystals to generate stable electromagnetic oscillations through feedback circuits. A crystal oscillator consists of a crystal chip, an amplifier, and a feedback circuit.

When the voltage is applied to the quartz crystal, the crystal chip will produce mechanical shock due to the piezoelectric effect. This impact generates an electric field and reverse charge in the crystal chip. These reverse charges in turn affect the impact of the crystal chip, forming a closed oscillation circuit.

The capacitor in the feedback circuit helps to adjust the oscillation frequency and compensate for the volume change of the crystal chip. By adjusting the gain of the amplifier, a constant oscillation can be generated in the crystal chip. After adjusting the output signal of the amplifier, it can be used as an accurate clock signal or reference signal.

The characteristic crystal oscillator has the following characteristics:

(1) High frequency stability: Due to the stability of quartz crystals, crystal oscillators can bring very stable frequency signals, with a general frequency stability of up to 0.0001%.

(2) High frequency accuracy: Due to stable frequency performance, crystal oscillators can generate specific frequencies within a very compact range, resulting in very high frequency accuracy.

(3) Easy to integrate: The crystal oscillator is very delicate and can be easily integrated into integrated circuits.

(4) Long lifespan: Due to the lack of moving parts, the crystal oscillator has a compact structure and reliable operation, and is not easily damaged even after long-term use.

(5) Multi functional: Crystal oscillators are widely used in electronic products such as communication equipment, computers, and instruments, and can be used as clock signals, frequency specifications, and other applications.

Crystal oscillators are widely used in electronic systems, communication systems, computer software, and other fields. For example, in electronic systems, crystal oscillators provide reference clock signals to drive other circuits; In communication systems, crystal oscillators provide reference clock signals, deploy and demodulate signals; In computer systems, a crystal oscillator provides a clock signal to drive the hard disk read/write head.

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