What are the advantages and disadvantages of common voltage regulators

A voltage regulator is a device that stabilizes the output voltage. The voltage regulator consists of a voltage regulating circuit, a control circuit, and a servo motor. When the input voltage or load changes, the control circuit samples, compares, and amplifies, and then drives the servo motor to rotate, changing the position of the voltage regulator carbon brush, and automatically adjusting the coil turn ratio to maintain the stability of the output voltage. In this article, the editor will introduce power regulators, switch regulators, and linear regulators, hoping to have great reference value for readers.

A power regulator is a power supply circuit or distribution device that can automatically adjust the output voltage. Its function is to stabilize the power supply current with significant fluctuations within the preset range, enabling various circuits or electrical equipment to operate normally at rated working voltage. Voltage regulators can be widely used in factories, mining enterprises, oil fields, railways, buildings, universities, hospitals, postal and telecommunications, hotels, scientific research departments, precision machine tools, computer tomography and photography (CT), and sites that require stable power supply voltage, such as precision instruments, testing equipment, elevator lighting, imported products, and automatic production lines. It is also suitable for low-voltage distribution network end users with low or high power supply voltage and large fluctuation range, as well as electrical equipment with large load changes, especially suitable for all voltage stabilizing electric fields with high requirements for grid waveform. The high-power compensated power regulator can be connected to thermal power, hydraulic power, and small generators.

Switching voltage regulator is a type of voltage regulator. It utilizes the export stage to repeatedly convert "on" and "off", and together with the kinetic energy storage elements (capacitors and sensors), generates an output voltage. Its voltage regulation is based on the feedback of the output voltage to adjust the conversion. Adjusting the pulse width of the switch voltage in a fixed frequency regulator is called PWM manipulation. The width and frequency of the switch pulse are maintained in the regulator or pulse mode regulator, but the "on" or "off" of the output switch is adjusted by feedback.

According to the sorting of switches and kinetic energy storage components, the output voltage can exceed or be lower than the input voltage, and multiple output voltages can be generated by voltage regulators. In most cases, Buck switching regulators are more effective than linear regulators in converting power supplies under the same input and output voltage requirements.

Advantages: High efficiency (reducing the power required for heat removal) can solve higher power density topology problems, suitable for transmitting single or multiple output voltages, and can exceed or fall below the input voltage.

Defect: The exported ripple voltage is high, generating interference signals (EMI), and the transient repair time is very short.

A linear regulator uses a closed feedback loop to deviate from the component to maintain a stable voltage at its output. Operate the base of the amplifier driver Q1 to ensure that its reverse input voltage is equal to its non reverse input reference voltage.

The operational amplifier in this circuit has a small load, basic current, and minimum capacitive load. Therefore, it can quickly respond to load changes.

Linear regulators are generally highly integrated, including components and feedback loops. When used with external resistance voltage dividers, some linear regulators are adjustable. The main parameters of the relevant linear voltage regulator mainly include four, as follows:

1. Large input voltage: This is the maximum voltage that can be applied to the input terminal without damaging the damaged equipment.

2. Input voltage output voltage difference: Some adjustable linear regulators have a fixed value for the maximum input output voltage difference.

3. Rated voltage: The maximum current provided by a linear regulator. This depends on external factors such as output voltage difference, operating temperature, and heat removal. The maximum power of the packaging indicates how much power it can consume, which may depend on heat removal and layout.

4. Voltage drop: This is the minimum output voltage difference that the device can accept and generate a stable voltage.

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