Introduction to the Basic Types and Operating Principles of Integrated Operational Amplifiers

It was originally used in analog computer to complete mathematical operations, so it was named "operation amplifier". An amplifier is a circuit unit named from a functional perspective, which can be completed by a separate device or semiconductor chip. Amplifiers are an important component of many devices. In order to improve understanding of amplifiers, this article will introduce the basic types and working principles of integrated operational amplifiers.

Amplifier Principle: A phase-locked amplifier is actually an analog Fourier transform. Compared to the signal amplitude value at a specific frequency (parameter input frequency) in the input signal, the output of the phase-locked amplifier is a DC voltage. Other frequency components in the input signal will not be able to make any contribution to the output voltage.

Two sinusoidal signals have a frequency of 1Hz and a phase difference of 90 degrees. The product of the multiplier results in a DC bias sine signal.

If it is the product of 1Hz and 1.1Hz signals, the result of the multiplier product is a modulated signal with a sinusoidal profile and a DC bias of 0.

Only signals that are completely consistent with the reference signal frequency can obtain DC bias at the output end of the multiplier, while other signals are AC signals at the output end. If a low flux filter is added to the output of the multiplier, all the weight of the AC signal is filtered out, and the remaining DC weight is only proportional to the range of signal weight at a specific frequency in the input signal.

Under the key types of integrated operational amplifiers, explain the different characteristics of integrated operational amplifiers:

1. General integrated operation of amplifiers

General integrated operational amplifiers refer to those that, in most cases, have relatively moderate performance parameters and can meet usage requirements. General integrated operational amplifiers are divided into Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I belongs to low gain operational amplifiers, Type II belongs to medium gain operational amplifiers, and Type III belongs to high gain operational amplifiers. The Type I and Type II models are basically initial products, with an input offset voltage of around 2mV and an open-loop gain generally exceeding 80dB.

2. High precision integrated operational amplifier

High precision integrated operational amplifiers refer to operational amplifiers with low unbalanced voltage, particularly small temperature drift, high gain rate, and high common mode rejection rate. The noise of this type of amplifier operation is also relatively small. Among them, the unbalanced voltage of the chip high-precision integrated operational amplifier can be as small as a few microvolts, and the temperature drift can be as small as tens of microvolts per ℃.

3. High speed integrated operational amplifier

The output voltage conversion rate of high-speed integrated operational amplifiers is very high, some can reach 2-3 kV/ μ S。

4. High input impedance integrated operational amplifier

The input impedance of a high input impedance integrated operational amplifier is very large, and the input current is particularly small. MOS transistors are typically used for the input level of the operational amplifier.

5. Power consumption integrated operational amplifier

The low power integrated operational amplifier operates with a particularly low current and low power supply current. The power consumption of the entire operational amplifier is only a few tens of microwatts. This integrated operational amplifier is mainly used for portable electronic devices.

6. Broadband integrated operation of amplifiers

The frequency band of broadband integrated operational amplifiers is very wide, and their enterprise gain bandwidth can reach over gigahertz, which is usually used in broadband amplification circuits.

7. High voltage integrated operational amplifier

The power supply voltage of general integrated operational amplifiers is lower than 15V, while the power supply voltage of high-voltage integrated operational amplifiers can reach tens of volts.

8. Power integration operation of amplifiers

The output level of the power integrated operational amplifier can provide greater power output for the load.

9. Fiber optic amplifier

Fiber optic amplifiers not only directly amplify optical signals, but also have real-time, high gain, broadband, online, low noise, and low loss all optical amplification functions, making them indispensable key equipment in the new generation of fiber optic communication systems; Because this technology not only solves the limitations of attenuation on the transmission speed and spacing of optical networks, but also opens up wavelength division reuse in the 1550nm frequency band. At the same time, fast, ultra large capacity, and ultra long distance wavelength division will be reused (WDM), multiplexed dense wavelength division (DWDM), all optical transmission, optical soliton transmission, etc., becoming a landmark in the history of optical fiber communication. Among the currently produced fiber amplifiers, there are mainly doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), and fiber Raman amplifiers (FRA). Due to their excellent characteristics, doped fiber amplifiers have been widely used in fiber communication systems, grounding networks, fiber CATV networks, military systems (radar multi-channel data reconnection, data transmission, guidance, etc.). As a power amplifier, relay amplifier, and preamplifier.

Fiber amplifiers are generally composed of gain media, pump light, and output lotus roots. At present, there are three main types of fiber amplifiers: doped fiber amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers, and fiber Raman amplifiers. According to its application in fiber optic networks, fiber amplifiers have three different uses: as power amplifiers on the transmitter side to increase the power of the transmitter; Before the receiver, the optical preamplifier can greatly improve the sensitivity of the optical receiver; Create relay amplifiers in fiber optic transmission lines to compensate for the consumption of fiber optic transmission and increase transmission distance.

10. Cable TV trunk amplifier

Technical characteristics of trunk amplifiers:

*The HYF-860B, HYF-750B, and HYF-550B series temperature compensated broadband network trunk amplifiers use high-performance Toshiba CATV dedicated amplification modules to ensure high output signal power, wide frequency band, high gain, good linearity, and stable operation.

*The front and rear secondary balance adjustment circuit ensures good signal level flatness, effectively solving the level "packaging" state, and exporting the level band slope, suitable for remote transmission of cable TV.

*Due to the impact of high and low temperature differences on cables and amplifiers, unique integrated circuit temperature compensation can automatically control the output level.

*Branch type and distribution type export selection are suitable for specific lines, saving costs; Export feed display function, easy to use.

*The use of two metal perforated circuit boards and high-quality circular transformer power supplies ensures excellent high-frequency performance and stable and reliable operation of the amplifier.

*The special aluminum alloy die-casting spray molding machine casing for CATV has good rainproof, heat removal, and shielding performance.

*You can choose between 220V AC power supply or 60V centralized power supply.

I believe that by reading the above content, we have gained a preliminary understanding of integrated operational amplifiers. At the same time, we also hope to summarize well in the learning process and strive to improve our professional level.

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