What is the working principle and classification method of the controller

The controller is the central nervous system of the computer, which commands the whole machine subsystem to work automatically and harmoniously. Specifically, first, it should extract a command from memory, analyze the command, emphasize what operation the command should perform, and indicate the address of the operand. Finally, based on the address of the operand, extract the operand and complete certain operations. The main function is to control electronic systems. To help you comprehensively understand, this article summarizes the working principle and classification knowledge of the controller. If you are interested in the content to be covered in this article, please continue reading.

1、 The controller refers to a command device that adjusts the wiring and resistance values of the main or control circuit according to a predetermined order, and adjusts the starting, speed changing, braking, and reverse direction of the motor. It consists of a program counter, command register, command decoder, time series generator, and operation controller, and is the "decision-making body" that issues commands, that is, coordinates and commands the operation of the entire computer software.

Controllers are divided into combination logic controllers and microprogramming controllers, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The design of a combined logic controller is cumbersome and has a complex structure. Once the design is completed, it cannot be modified or expanded, but it is fast. The microprogram controller is easy to design, compact in structure, and easy to modify or expand. The effect of modifying machine instructions only requires reprogramming the corresponding microprogram; To add machine instructions, simply add a microprogram to the operating memory, but by implementing a microprogram. The specific comparison is as follows: a combination logic controller, also known as a hard wire controller, is composed of logic circuits and relies entirely on hardware to achieve the effect of commands.

2、 Working principle

Electromagnetic suction cup controller: After the AC current of 380V is reduced through a transformer, it is rectified to 110V DC through a rectifier, and then enters the suction cup through the control system. At this point, the suction cup is magnetized, entering the reverse voltage line during demagnetization, and the controller achieves demagnetization effect.

Access control controller: The access control controller operates in two modes. One is the inspection method, and the other is the recognition pattern. In check mode, the controller continuously pushes check codes to the card reader and receives reply instructions from the card reader. This mode will continue until the card reader senses the card. When the card reader senses a card, it responds differently to the controller's inspection instructions. In this response command, the card reader transfers the code data from the read sensing card to the access control controller, causing the access control controller to enter recognition mode. In the recognition mode of the access control controller, the access control controller analyzes the internal code of the sensing card, compares the card data stored in the device, and performs subsequent actions. After the access controller completes the action of obtaining data, it will send instructions in response to the card reader to restore its state. At the same time, accessing the controller will return to check mode again.

3、 Classify motion controller according to control principles

According to the position control principle, motion controller can be divided into three basic motion controller: open loop, semi closed loop and closed loop.

1. Open loop control motion controller

No position detection feedback device. In fact, stepper motors are commonly used for motors. The motion controller is characterized by convenient operation, compact structure and low price. The offset command signal flow from the motion controller is unidirectional, so there will be no stability problem. However, due to the lack of feedback calibration for mechanical transmission errors, the position accuracy is generally not high.

2. Semi closed loop control motion controller

Position feedback selects angle detection components, which are directly installed at the end of the servo motor or screw. Due to position feedback operation and high accuracy level, most mechanical transmission stages are not included in the closed-loop system, thus achieving more stable control characteristics. Feedback cannot calibrate mechanical transmission errors such as lead screws, but software constant value compensation can be chosen to moderately improve its accuracy.

3. Full closed loop control motion controller

Selecting detection components such as gratings for position detection of the tested module can eliminate transmission errors in the entire mechanical transmission chain from the motor to the tested module, achieving a high level of static accuracy. However, in the whole control loop, the friction characteristics, stiffness and clearance of many mechanical transmission links are nonlinear, and the dynamic response time of the whole mechanical transmission chain (compared with the electrical response speed) is particularly large, which makes the stability calibration of the entire closed-loop system very difficult, and the design and adjustment of the motion controller is also very complex.

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